Optical High‑Resolution Episcopic Microscopy (HREM): In‑Depth Guide
What is HREM (High-Resolution Episcopic Microscopy)?
High-Resolution Episcopic Microscopy (HREM) is a 3D imaging technique that captures sharp, perfectly aligned images of biological samples.
It works by cutting thin layers from the surface of a sample and imaging each newly exposed face. These images are then combined into a digital stack of 2D slices, which can be reconstructed to produce a detailed 3D model. HREM offers high resolution, down to just a few microns and is especially well-suited for dense tissue volumes that are difficult to clear using optical methods.
What Can HREM Be Used For?
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HREM can be used to image a wide variety of biological samples, particularly those that are too dense for traditional optical clearing techniques. It is often chosen for samples ranging from 5–15 mm in size, sitting between the typical resolution ranges of confocal microscopy and micro-CT. This makes HREM ideal for high-resolution imaging of midsized specimens.
Common applications include:
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Studying embryo development in mice, zebrafish, and other model organisms
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Visualising heart structure and detecting congenital defects in 3D
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Examining whole organs in embryos and small animals—such as the kidney, lungs, or brain
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Supporting toxicology research and early-stage drug discovery
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Measuring organ shape and size changes across different conditions or genetic mutations
What Equipment is Needed?
HREM can be performed on our Micro or Ultra systems, they come ready made to image 3D samples with lots of extras and options.
Learn More
To learn more about HREM volume imaging or for information on models and features have a look at our dedicated HREM page.